![]() If the MAC address is not in the CAM table, the switch forwards the frame out all ports on the switch. If an entry exists for that MAC address, the switch forwards the frame to the port identified in the CAM table for that MAC address. When a Layer 2 switch receives a frame, the switch looks in the CAM table for the destination MAC address. A manufacturer should not have two devices with the same MAC address. Each MAC address is a unique series of numbers, similar to serial numbers or LAN IP addresses. A MAC address of FF.FF.FF.FF.FF.FF is a broadcast address. ![]() The second 24 bits comprise the specific interface number assigned by the hardware manufacturer. The first 24 bits comprise the manufacturer code assigned by the IEEE. CAM tables have a fixed size.Ī MAC address is a 48-bit hexadecimal number composed of two descriptive fields. It is similar to a router's routing table. ![]() The content-addressable memory (CAM) table in a switch stores information, such as MAC addresses and associated VLAN parameters. The following sections discuss the most common Layer 2 attacks and recommended methods to reduce the effects of these attacks. Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) manipulation.The most common types of Layer 2 attacks are as follows: In addition, switches and wireless access points are susceptible to many of the same Layer 3 attacks as routers. Yet, less public information is available regarding security risks in a Layer 2 environment and mitigating strategies of these risks. As the popularity of Ethernet switching and wireless LANs grow, however, the emphasis on Layer 2 security has become more important. Types of Attacksįor years, the focus on security has been at the network edge or the IP level (Open System Interconnection Layer 3). There is also a brief description of factors that you should consider when designing Layer 2 protected networks. ![]() The following sections provide an overview of the most common Layer 2 attacks and suggested mitigations. ![]()
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